The same problem is also faced by system administrators as well as database administrators because they need at least five terminal windows to carry out respective work.

Terminal does have tabs, but they don’t make work any more comfortable, so some terminal multiplexers are introduced. These multiplexers help split the terminal window horizontally as well as vertically. So, in this article, we’re going to have a look at some multiplexers that will help you split your Linux terminal.

1. tmux

tmux is arguably one of the most used multiplexers out there. It is quite a reliable screen splitter that helps you split the Linux terminal window and adjust the window’s size. It is a keyboard-centric multiplexer. Which means all the function and customizations can be carried out right from the keyboard.

Install tmux

To Run tmux

Keyboard Shortcuts:

• CTRL + B + % : Vertical Split.
• CTRL + B + “ : Horizontal Split.
• CTRL + B + O : Make other shell active.
• CTRL + B + D : To Detach from tmux.
• CTRL + B + ? : Help.

2. Konsole

Konsole is the default terminal that ships-in pre-installed with the KDE Plasma Desktop, and it is a highly customizable terminal and powerful. It is a feature-rich terminal and can be split horizontally as well as vertically.

You will find it quite similar to tmux, but you have to split it using the mouse. Splitting options are available in the View menu. Like tmux, you can detach or reattach terminal windows in konsole.

To Install Konsole

3. Screen

The screen is a shell multiplexer from GNU. It is quite a reliable and capable shell multiplexer. You can split-screen both vertically and horizontally and detach and reattach the screen from the running session.

To Install Screen

To Start Screen

Keyboard Shortcuts

• CTRL + A + | : Vertical Split
• CTRL + A + S : Horizontal Split
• CTRL + A + TAB : To make other shell active
• CTRL + A + D : Detach from screen
• CTRL + A + ? : Help

4. Terminator

Terminator is a terminal emulator for Linux and its distros. It has a lot of similarities to the default Terminal in Ubuntu. But it has some of its own features too, that you won’t find in default Terminal.

These features let you flexibly align your workspace to suit your requirements.

To Install Terminator

You can run/launch the terminal from the Unity dashboard or app menu.

Keyboard Shortcuts

• CTRL + SHIFT + O : Split Terminal Horizontally.
• CTRL + SHIFT + E : Split Terminal Vertically.
• CTRL + SHIFT + W : Close Current Panel.
• CTRL + SHIFT + T : Open New Tab.

5 Tilix

Tilix, previously known as Terminix, is a GTK+ 3 based terminal emulator for Linux and its distros. It is a feature-rich terminal and offers features to split Terminal horizontally as well as vertically.

In split-screen mode, you will find this terminal emulator very useful.

To Install Tilix

You will find separate tabs to split the window horizontally and vertically at the top of the tilix emulator window. Here you don’t have any keyboard shortcuts to split window, but this terminal emulator is quite reliable and powerful.

So, these are the best possible and reliable ways into which you can split your Linux terminal. Have any queries or suggestions? Feel free to ping us at @linuxhint and @SwapTirthakar. ]]> https://linuxhint.com/browse_web_linux_terminal/ Sat, 22 Feb 2020 13:00:52 +0000 https://linuxhint.com/?p=55481 In some scenarios, you may want to browse websites from your Linux terminal. An example of these scenarios are when you have not an X-Window manager available or if you don’t have a good internet connection. When using 3G/4G or slow connections browsing websites from the terminal is a great option to increase speed and save bandwidth. This tutorial shows 4 terminal browsers: lynx, links, links2 and elinks.

Browsing the web from Linux terminal with lynx:

Let’s begin with the lynx console web browser, it is important to clarify this is the only terminal web browser in this article which doesn’t support mouse integration.

To begin installing the terminal web browser lynx, on Debian and based Linux distributions run:

Once installed using lynx is pretty easy, just call the program and specify the website you want to browse by running:

Despite lynx being simple, it isn’t as intuitive as it seems, instead of using the arrow keys from your keyboard to move from one place to other, use the SPACE key on your keyboard to move down and the B key to move up. When you reach the section, you want to browse into, just press ENTER.

If you want to go back to the previous page you can press your left arrow key on your keyboard, to go forward press the right arrow key on the keyboard.

By pressing the M key, you can go to the website homepage, a confirmation will be requested as shown in the screenshot below:

You can get more usage tips on lynx online at https://linux.die.net/man/1/lynx.

Browsing the web from Linux terminal with links:

Links is another great option to browse the web from the terminal, and it supports mouse integration.

To begin installing links terminal web browser on the terminal run:

Like with lynx and the rest of terminal web browsers call the program specifying the destination website with the following syntax:

The site will show up with a Welcome screen from links, press ENTER to close the welcome screen and get the website:

Press ENTER to OK and the website will show up:

As said previously, links supports mouse integration, if present, and you can use it to click on any section of the website you can to visit. As with Lynx, you can use the left arrow and right arrow keys on your keyboard to move a page back or a page forward.

By pressing the ESC key, you can display the main menu shown on the top of the screenshot below:

This main menu includes:

File: this menu includes the options go back, go forward, history, reload, bookmarks, new window, save as, save url as, save formatted document and kill background or all connections and flush the cache.

View:  this submenu includes the options search, search backward, find next, find previous, toggle html/plain, document info, header info, frame at full-screen, save clipboard to a file, load clipboard from a file, html options and save html options.

Link: this submenu includes options follow link enter, open in new window and download link.

Downloads: here you are able to see the downloaded and downloading files.Setup:  here you are able to specify language, terminal options, margins, cache, options associated with mail and telnet, blocked images and additional options.

Help: this is the help submenu.

For links web browser you can visit https://linux.die.net/man/1/links.

Browsing the web from Linux terminal with links2:

As done with previous web browsers to install links2 on Debian based Linux distributions run:

Then, once installed, on the terminal call the program specifying the website:

Then the shite will show up:

Like its predecessor links, links2 also supports mouse integration and the use of keys are the same for links and links2 including the ESC key to display the main menu bar.

There are more options available for links you can read at its man page: https://linux.die.net/man/1/links2.

Browsing the web from Linux terminal with Elinks:

Elinks is the last web browser of this article, to install it on the console run:

Then run it specifying the website as shown below:

Like with links and elinks, you can display a similar main menu on elinks by pressing the ESC key.

Elinks usage is similar, you can use the left and right keys on your keyboard to go back and forward, press ENTER on the item you can enter. Also elinks supports mouse integration like links and links2.

For elinks execution options visit: https://linux.die.net/man/1/elinks

I hope you found this tutorial on Browsing the web from Linux terminal useful. Keep following LinuxHint for more tips and updates.

How To Record Everything In Terminal

The first option to record terminal activity on this tutorial focuses on the command Script already included in many Linux distributions by default. The easiest way to use it without  flags allows to read the log file using the cat command, to run it just execute the command specifying the output file name.

In my case I saved it as “linuxhintlog.txt” as in the example below:

You’ll be able to see the script command started as shown in the image above, now you can type any command, then you can stop recording by typing “exit”.

At this stage you aren’t able to play the session in real time, yet you can read it using the cat command:

In order to play the session rather than reading it you need to add

the –timing option specifying the time file name additionally to the output file name:

In my case I saved the time file as TIMEFILE and the output file as LHoutput.txt as in the following example:

To play the recorded session the command is scriptreplay followed by the –timing flag, time file name, –typescript flag and output file name as in the example below:

In the following example the time file is TIMEFILE and LHoutput.txt the output file:

You may want to speed up or slow the playing speed, this can be achieved by using the -m (–maxdelay) and -d (-divisor) flags. With the -m option you can define the timing in seconds to play each activity, while the -d flag allows to divide it.

The following example shows how to play allowing a maximum of a second delay per command:

The next examples divides the real timing for the factor you specify, in this case I will double the speed by specifying the factor “2”.

Of course to notice the difference you must try it by yourself,

How to Record Everything in Terminal using TTYREC

Another method to record everything in terminal is the command ttyrec, but ttyrec program isn’t included by default on all Linux distributions, at least not in Debian. To install it simply run:

It’s use is pretty easy, even more than the Script command explained before. To run it just call the program specifying the output file name:

The following example shows ttyrec recording the session on a file called Lhinttyrec:

As you can see you can exit the recording session by using the “exit” command like with the script command.

To play the recorded activity you need to call the command ttyplay followed by the log file name:

Since I saved the file as Lhinttyrec I execute:

Conclusion:

Recording terminal sessions are a good option to share knowledge, tutorial or even take tests when replying or output speed are important.The script command is the best option if you need to manipulate the playing speed, it also comes by default on Linux distributions like Debian or Ubuntu.

The Ttyrec command, despite does not come installed by default, is a good option for users who aren’t used to run commands on the terminal due the lack of flags, recording and playing requires less commands than the script program. At the end both options are pretty simple to use to record and play terminal activity. Both commands have friendly and easy man pages for users applying these commands for the first time.

I hope you found this brief tutorial on recording terminal sessions useful, thank you for reading it and keep following LinuxHint for additional updates and tips on Linux and Networking.

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In this article, we will learn about the most popular Terminal multiplexers that are Tmux and Screen. We will first learn what these tools are, along with some of their features and working. In the end, we will compare both tools.

We are using Debian 10 OS for explaining the procedures discussed in this article.

Tmux

Tmux short for Terminal Multiplexer allows you to manage multiple Terminal sessions simultaneously instead of just one. You can easily switch between multiple programs from a single Terminal. It is really helpful when you are engaged in a complex project that requires several Terminals. With Tmux, you can attach and detach sessions when required. This allows to keep running the processes on servers without interrupting any task.

Features of Tmux

Some of the features of Tmux are as follows:

• It can be run on the Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pie, BeagleBones, etc.
• Easily customizable, you can change the look and behavior of your Tmux environment
• Highly configurable, you can manually add custom configuration for different features
• Its key feature is it windows that are like tabs in browsers.
• Each window is like a separate Terminal whereby different commands can be run at the same time.
• It facilitates several windows and panes in a single Terminal window.
• Maintains windows and panels in a session (that stays active even when the network is disconnected)
• It supports both Emacs and Vim shortcuts
• Offers a wide range of shortcut keys which can be very helpful for regular use of applications.
• Can detach the Terminal interface without disrupting the service running in the background and re-attach it when required.

Installation of Tmux

Tmux is included in the official Debian repositories. We can install it using the apt-get command in Terminal. Launch the Terminal in your Debian OS. In the top left corner of the desktop, go to the Activities tab. Then type terminal in the search bar. When the Terminal icon is displayed click it to open.

Now in order to install Tmux, execute the following command in Terminal:

When prompted for the password, enter sudo password.

Launch Tmux

Once installed, launch the Tmux by simply typing tmux in the Terminal as follows:

By running the above command, a new session will be started. At the bottom of the session window, you will notice a green-colored status bar containing some info. Let’s see what that means:

• [0] 0:bash : Indicates we are running bash, with session number 0 and the window number/name 0
• *: Indicates this is the current window

• “Linux-debian” : Indicates the hostname
• 01:30 : Indicates the current time
• 06-Dec-19 : Indicates the current date

Using Tmux

First, we need to learn how Tmux works. The most basic steps to get started with Tmux are below:

Open a session by  typing tmux new -s my_session in the Terminal

1. Complete your desired work.
2. Once done, detach the session using the Ctrl-b + d shortcut. Commands and programs will continue to run even you detach the session.
3. When you want to reattach to the Tmux session, simply type tmux attach-session -t my_session in the Terminal.

Creating Named Sessions with Tmux

Tmux labeled its sessions numerically. When dealing with multiple sessions, you can also assign them names. Execute the below command in Terminal to build a named session.

For instance, to create a session with the name tin, the command would be:

In the following screenshot, you can see the status bar showing the name of the session at the bottom left corner.

Splitting Tmux vertically

In order to split Tmux vertically; use (Ctrl-b) + %. After that the Screen will be splitted vertically.

Splitting Tmux horizontally

In order to split Tmux horizontally, use (Ctrl-b) + “. After that, the Screen will be splitted horizontally.

You can also simultaneously split windows both horizontally and vertically.

Screen

GNU Screen is another Terminal multiplexer program that allows managing several Terminal sessions from with the single window. Similar to Tmux, you can also attach/detach your sessions. Along with this, it enables you to share your session with other users.

Screen Features

• Keep programs and scripts running even when the network get disrupted.
• Detach and reattach to a Terminal session from various sites.
• Carry out a long-running program without keeping an active shell session.
• Allows to share the session with other users
• Splitting the Terminal window horizontally and vertically
• Offers a wide range of shortcut keys

Screen Installation

The screen is included in the default Debian repositories. We can use the apt-get command to install it. Launch your Terminal application and execute the following command to install Screen:

When prompted for the password, enter the sudo password.

Launch Screen

Once installed, simply type screen in the Terminal as follows:

Type Ctrl-A and ?, all the commands will be listed on the screen.

A named window will be started within the screen. Later this same name will be used to reattach screen.

This command lists the currently opened screens which includes both attached and detached Screen sessions.

Detach session

This command can be used for detaching a current Screen session in order to re-attached in future.

Reattach session

This command can be used for re-attaching a Screen session that was detached previously.

Switch between windows

It is used to move to a next window. If you want to move to the previous window, use “Ctrl-A” and “p”.

List opened windows

It is used to list the opened bash windows.

Splitting horizontally

Use “Ctrl+a” “|” to split the current window horizontally. It will only split the window but will not create a session. Use “Ctrl+a” “Tab to switch to that region and the use Ctrl+a” “c” to start a new session.

Splitting vertically

Use “Ctrl+a” “S” (Capital S) to split the current window vertically. Use “Ctrl+a” “Tab to switch to that region and the use Ctrl+a” “c” to start a new session.

Comparison between Tmux and Screen

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that both programs: Tmux and Screen approximately serves a similar purpose. Both programs build a virtual Terminal inside a single Terminal, allows you to switch among virtual Terminals and let you attach and reattach the virtual Terminals when your network connection is disrupted. Both programs operate by building separate processes which they name differently.

However, there are some differences as well among these two tools. Tmux has a BSD license while the Screen has GNU GPL. Tmux is more user-friendly than the Screen and contains a nice status bar with some info in it. Tmux features automatic window renaming while the Screen lacks this feature. The Screen allows session sharing with other users while Tmux does not. That is the great feature that Tmux lacks.

We may therefore conclude that just like any program, this truly relies on your requirements and preferences and with which you feel more comfortable with. Give both of them a try and sew what best fit your needs.

Basics of Konsole Terminal:

This is how Konsole terminal app looks like.

To run a command, just type it in and press <Enter>. The command should run and print the output in the Konsole display.

Working with Tabs and Windows:

To create a new tab, click on File > New Tab.

To create a new window, click on File > New Window.

Once a new tab is created, it will show up in the tab bar. You can switch between them very easily.

You can also clone tab from File > Clone Tab.

To close a tab, click on File > Close Tab.

To close a window, click on File > Close Window.

You can also right click on a tab and detach (Detach Tab), rename (Rename Tab…) and close (Close Tab) the tab.

Opening File Manager in Current Working Directory:

If you want to open the directory you’re currently in on the Konsole terminal with Dolphin file manager, click on File > Open File Manager.

The directory should be opened in Dolphin.

Printing and Saving Terminal Output:

To save the output of Konsole terminal to a file, click on File > Save Output As…

Now, select a location and a filename and click on Save.

You can click on the Filter dropdown menu and select between plain text document format (default) and HTML format.

Konsole output saved to plain text file.

To print the output, click on File > Print Screen…

If you have a printer connected, you can print. Otherwise, you can save it as a PDF file.

Searching Terminal Display:

To search for text in the Konsole, click on Edit > Find…

Now, type in the search query and press <Enter>. The match should be selected on the Konsole.

You can press Next and Previous to navigate between search results.

To start the search from the bottom of the screen (newest output to oldest), click on From bottom.

You can also do case sensitive search and regular expression search as well. Just click on Options and check or uncheck options depending on your search criteria.

Click on the x button to close the search bar once you’re done.

Copying and Pasting Text:

To copy text, select the text, right click and select Copy.

To paste, right click and select Paste.

Enlarging Font, Shrinking font and Setting Character Encoding:

To increase the font size on the fly, click on View > Enlarge Font.

To decrease the font size on the fly, click on View > Shrink Font.

If you want to set a character set or encoding, click on View > Set Encoding and select your desired character set.

Konsole Split View:

To split the Konsole view horizontally, click on View > Split View > Split View Left/Right.

To split the Konsole view vertically, click on View > Split View > Split View Top/Bottom.

Konsole split horizontally.

Konsole split vertically.

To close the active split view, click on View > Split View > Close Active.

To close the inactive split view, click on View > Split View > Close Others.

Hiding Menubar and Fullscreen Mode:

To hide the Konsole menubar, uncheck Settings > Show Menubar.

To display the menubar again, right click on the terminal and check Show Menubar.

To go to full screen, check Settings > Full Screen Mode.

Once you’re in full screen mode, press F11 to exit out of full screen mode.

Configuring Konsole:

To configure Konsole global settings, go to Settings > Configure Konsole…

From the General tab, you can configure default Konsole Window settings.

You can also configure the Default Search Settings from here.

From the TabBar tab, you can set when the tab bar will be visible and the position of the tab bar.

You can also set where new tabs will be placed from the TabBar tab.

Configuring Konsole Profiles:

To edit the current Konsole profile, go to Settings > Edit Current Profile…

From the General tab, you can set a Profile name, set the default shell (Command), Initial directory when Konsole starts.

You can also set custom environment variables if you want. Just click on Edit…

Now, type in your environment variable and click on OK.

From the Tabs tab, you can set tab title format.

You can click on the Insert button to insert supported variables in the format string.

From the Appearance tab, you can set a predefined Color Scheme or create a new one or customize an existing one.

You can also change font and font size. To change font, click on Select Font…

Then, select your desired font, font style, size etc. from here and click on OK.

From the Scrolling tab, you can set how many lines of output Konsole will cache.

If you want Unlimited number of lines to be cached, select Unlimited scrollback.

If you enable Unlimited scrollback, you can set where the cache file will be saved from Settings > Configure Konsole…. > File Location.

You can also set the scroll bar location or hide it altogether.

You can set how much of the Konsole screen will be scrolled when you press <Page Up> or <Page Down>.

From the Mouse tab, you can set how words are selected when you double click, and what to do when you triple click.

You can set the behavior of copy & paste on Konosle.

You can set from where text will be pasted on Konsole when mouse middle button is pressed.

There are some other mouse related configurations as well.

From the Advanced tab, you can set the cursor shape, enable cursor blinking and set custom cursor color.

You can also set the default Konsole character encoding.

Managing Konsole Profiles:

You can manage Konsole profiles from Settings > Manage Profiles…

All your Konsole profiles should be listed here. You can click on New Profile… to create a new profile.

Type in a Profile name and configure your Konsole profile the way you like.

Once you’re done, click on OK.

A new Konsole profile should be created.

From here, you can edit or delete your existing profile.

You can also set a Konsole profile as the default profile. To do that, select a  Konsole profile and click on Set as Default.

If you have multiple Konsole profiles, you can switch them from Settings > Switch Profile.

If you have multiple Konsole profiles, you can select what Konsole profile to apply while creating a new tab.

The newly created tab should have your selected profile applied.

So, that’s how you use Konsole terminal app. Thanks for reading this article.

Hyper holds the following key features:

1. It is cross-platform, runs on macOS, Windows, and many Linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Fedora, etc.
2. Customizable
3. Have tons of extensions
4. URLs can be dragged in the terminal
5. Various styling options

Installing “Hyper” on Ubuntu 20.10:

To get Hyper on your Ubuntu machine, you need to download the Debian package of “Hyper”. Visit www.hyper.is and download the package by clicking on the “Download Hyper” button as shown in the image below.

“Hyper” debian package will be download; you can view the package in the “Downloads” directory:

Double click on the package Ubuntu Software Center’s window will open and click on the install button.

The installation will begin; you can monitor the progress in the same window:

Shortly, “Hyper” will be install, it can be searched in the applications.

Installing “Hyper” on Ubuntu 20.10 using the terminal:

Another method is getting it done using the terminal.

First, get the Gdebi on Ubuntu. Gdebi is a lightweight and free app that lets you install Debian packages on Ubuntu. It is recommended to install Debian packages using Gdebi instead of Ubuntu’s Software Center because it consumes fewer resources. Open terminal and type the command given below:

Now download the Hyper Debian package using the command shown below:

After the downloading is finished, install it by typing the command mentioned below:

Open “Hyper” after the installation is finished:

How to uninstall Hyper from Ubuntu 20.10:

To uninstall the “Hyper” terminal from Ubuntu type the command mentioned below:

The micro text editor is the latest cross-platform terminal-based text editor, which is not only used for Linux but on all other platforms like Windows and macOS as well. It comes as a single and without having any dependency text editor. It aims to become an easy to use text editor, as well as a modern terminal. So let’s get straight to the installation.

Installation of Micro Text Editor on Ubuntu 20.04

There are multiple ways to install the Micro Text Editor on Linux:

• Using APT
• Using SNAP
• Using the script

Let’s start with the simplest and easiest one.

Install Micro Text Editor using the APT method

First, update the system’s cache repository.

Now, install the Micro Text Editor on Ubuntu 20.04 or any other Debian based system by typing the following command.

If you are using Fedora or CentOS, use this command instead.

Once it is installed, you can verify it by typing this command.

You can see that version 2.0.8 of micro Text Editor is installed on my Ubuntu system.

Install Micro Text Editor using the Snap method

For installing Micro text editor on Ubuntu through the snap package repository, simply run this single command and it will download, install, and handle all the dependencies required for it.

Once the Micro Text Editor is installed through snap, check the version by typing the command given below.

Install Micro Text Editor using the Script

Micro Text Editor can be installed by downloading the binary file from its official GitHub repository. You can visit their release page and download the binary file according to your requirement.

https://github.com/zyedidia/micro/releases

But it also provides a script to download and install the micro text editor in the current working directory. To run that script, you must have curl installed on your system. You can check it by running the command.

If it is not installed, and you got output like this,

then install it using the recommended command.

After installing curl, you are ready to run the script.

Run the script by typing the command given below.

This command will install the Micro Text Editor in the current working or present directory.

If you want to move it to the “/usr/bin” directory, so it will be accessible from anywhere, type the following command in the terminal.

Now it will be accessible from any directory.

Let’s check the version!

Version 2.0.8 is now installed.

Conclusion

The micro text editor is a very smart and intuitive terminal oriented text editor that is very famous amongst the users when they have to edit the SSH files and other types of tasks in the terminal. It can be installed using APT, snap, and the script provided by the official GitHub repository of Micro Text Editor. In this article, the installation is also explained in a very profound and detailed way.